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Vitamin K, Phylloquinone, MenaquinoneChemistry Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) - natural derivative from fish or plants Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) - made by intestinal bacteria Vitamin K3 - synthetic form Metabolism Vitamin K is absorbed in the upper GI tract, and requires bile for absorption Functions cofactor in synthesis of proteins with a modified glutamic acid residue binds to calcium ions in bone causing calcification binds calcium in blood vessels, an integral part of blood clotting synthesis of osteocalcin allows calcium ions to bind, resulting in bone calcification synthesis of kidney protein that inhibits calcium oxylate stone formation synthesis of proteins C and S which promote fibrinolysis and anti-coagulation inhibits platelet aggregration Requirements no RDA established optimal daily intake - 750 mcg (dose 1-10 mg per day) long-term oral antibiotics may eliminate intestinal bacteria as a source Newborn infants tend to be deficient in vitamin K Sources turnip greens, broccoli Toxicity most toxicity is associated with IV use Interactions Dilantin interferes with vitamin K function Vitamin K may interfere with warfarin and coumadin Deficiency Obstetrics hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, especially premature infants easy bleeding in children, spontaneous nosebeeds Musculoskeletal osteoporosis Therapeutics EENT floaters Musculoskeletal osteoporosis, fractures - aids in calcification of bone rheumatoid arthritis - large doses stabilize inflammatory lysosomes chronic pain Hematology blood clotting disorders Obstetrics nausea and vomiting of pregnancy - 5 mg K with 25 mg C Urology prevention of calcium oxylate stones - synthesis of kidney protein Those with an unusual metabolic condition called Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency should avoid vitamin K. Those with G6PD deficiency experience a serious breakdown of red blood cells (called hemolysis) when exposed to certain infections or medications, including vitamin K.
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Fantastic new books! CAM Therapies has studies on natural therapies for over 100 diseases. CAM Labs lists lab tests for 100 diseases. Nutritional Genetics is a fantastic resource.
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