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Carnitine, L-Carnitine, Acetyl-L-CarnitineMetabolism Carnitine is synthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine Function Carnitine is involved in the rate limiting step for beta oxidation Carnitine transports fats across mitochondrial membranes. Carnitine appears to decrease ketones in the body. Requirements Carnitine is a non-essential amino acid, because it is made from other amino acids. Sources Carnitine is found only in animal products, beef, and milk As such, vegetarians may become deficient in carnitine over time. Deficiency muscle weakness, fatty deposits, impaired glucose control impaired ketogenesis with hyperlipidemia Therapeutics heart disease - cardiomyopathy, arrythmia, CHF, mitral valve prolapse angina pectoris, intermittant claudication cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, trauma infertility, Alzheimer's, AIDS, COPD Toxicity L-carnitine has few side effects DL-carnitine can cause muscle pain and decreased exercise tolerance Carnetine may cause diarrhea in high doses Interactions Carnetine is a synergist with taurine CoQ10, and pantethine (B5) Carnetine is depleted by valproic acid, pivampicillin, emetine, sulfadiazine adriamycin, lovestatin, pyrimethamine, and beta blockers Forms Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) is an ester of L-carnitine by the enzyme ALCtransferase. ALC helps move acetyl CoA into mitochondria during fatty acid oxidation ALC may be of benefit in neurological disorders: Alzheimer's dementia, depression in the elderly, ischemia and reperfusion of the brain (as from stroke) cognitive impairment of alcoholism. ALC may inhibit HPA activity, resulting in a reduction of cortisol levels Dosage Acetyl-L-carnitine orally 1-3 grams daily, in divided doses. Toxicity ALC is considered safe at these dosages without significant side effects, even with long-term (one year) administration. The most common adverse reactions are agitation, nausea, and vomiting.
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Fantastic new books! CAM Therapies has studies on natural therapies for over 100 diseases. CAM Labs lists lab tests for 100 diseases. Nutritional Genetics is a fantastic resource.
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